Factors influencing Chinese female expatriates' performance in international assignments

The current literature is mixed regarding what factors determine expatriate performance. In this study, we developed and tested a model to examine the relationship among family problems, expatriate–efficacy, host-country nationals' (HCNs') prejudice against women, perceived organizational support (POS) and Chinese female expatriate performance in international assignments. Our results indicated that HCNs' prejudice against women had a significant negative relationship and expatriate–efficacy had a significant positive relationship with female expatriate performance. POS and family problems moderated the relationship between HCNs' prejudice against women and female expatriate performance. However, family problems were not significantly related to female expatriate performance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

大学生学业效能感及其与学习倦怠的关系研究

本研究采用问卷法对四所高校636名大学生的学业效能感和学习倦怠状况进行了研究.结果表明：大学生学业效能感存在显著的性别、年级、学校类型差异;大学生学业效能感与学习倦怠呈显著的负相关;大学生学业效能感对学习倦怠具有显著的预测作用.可以通过提高大学生的自我期望、设置一定难度的学业任务、提供榜样示范以及加强课程改革的方式,来提高学业效能感,减少学习倦怠问题.     

Financial capability and emergency savings among South Africans living above and below the poverty line

Emergency savings provide a buffer against financial shocks, particularly among low‐income households. Despite the importance of these funds in lessening financial hardship, many households have not set aside emergency funds. It has been suggested that financial capability may play a role in financial behaviour. Therefore, this study considers whether financial capability is associated with saving for emergencies and whether there are differences in factors that predict emergency savings behaviour among those living below and above the poverty line. Using data from a sample of South Africans, logistic regression is used to determine the predictors of emergency savings. The study finds that those with higher levels of financial capability, related to financial self‐efficacy and having access to a bank account, are more likely to have emergency savings compared with those with lower levels of financial capability. However, no evidence is found to suggest a relationship between objectively measured financial knowledge and emergency savings. Therefore, the findings suggest that self‐assessed financial ability, as measured by financial self‐efficacy, might be more important than objectively assessed ability in the context of individuals making responsible financial choices. Differences in the predictors of emergency savings for those living above and below the poverty line related to socioeconomic and demographic differences, whereas the same financial capability predictors were significant predictors in both samples. The study provides unique insights into the predictors of emergency savings in a developing market context and identifies the characteristics of those who are likely to be financially resilient to unexpected economic shocks. The importance of the broader financial capability construct in predicting emergency savings, for both those living above and below the poverty line, suggests that programmes aimed at encouraging emergency savings should focus on enhancing financial self‐efficacy and financial inclusion.     

Overstrained citizens? The number of ballot propositions and the quality of the decision process in direct democracy

We study how the number of ballot propositions affects the quality of decision making in direct democracy, as reflected in citizens’ knowledge, voting behavior, and attitudes toward democracy. Using three comprehensive data sets from Switzerland with over 3,500 propositions, we exploit variation in the number of federal and cantonal propositions. Voters know the most about the content of federal propositions when they are exclusively presented and less with a high number of concurrent cantonal propositions on the ballot. Across other outcomes we find no consistent indications that – for the observed variation in the exposure to popular votes – a high number of propositions impedes the quality of decision making in Swiss federal direct democracy. In the medium to longer term, more federal propositions on the ballot rather relate to higher perceived political influence and satisfaction with democracy.     

Idiosyncratic deals and work‐to‐family conflict and enrichment: The mediating roles of fit perceptions and efficacy beliefs

Idiosyncratic deals (i‐deals), which involve personalised work arrangements negotiated between employees and their managers, offer a promising approach to accommodating the demands of a diverse workforce. In contrast with the traditional social exchange theory perspective, we integrate the theories of person–environment fit and self‐efficacy to examine the effect of flexibility i‐deals on both work‐to‐family conflict and enrichment. We specifically consider two mediating mechanisms: needs–supplies (N‐S) fit and family‐role efficacy. Results from two Chinese samples reveal that supervisor‐rated flexibility i‐deals relate positively with employees' family‐role efficacy and N‐S fit. These, in turn, relate to work‐to‐family conflict negatively and to work‐to‐family enrichment positively. Monte Carlo bootstrapping analyses confirm the indirect effects of N‐S fit and family‐role efficacy. By using an alternative theoretical perspective, we add to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the i‐deals effect. This study expands existing i‐deals research to an empirically underrepresented area: work–family enrichment. Our findings also confirm the work–family benefits of i‐deals and strengthen managers' confidence regarding the merits of implementing i‐deals in the workplace.     

DITTO for Gen Z: A framework for leveraging the uniqueness of the new generation

Generation Z, or Gen Z, represents 24% of the U.S. population and is very different from earlier generations. A higher proportion of Gen Zers are earning college degrees, and they are now moving to the next phase in which they will constitute the predominant majority of the incoming workforce. Gen Z faced an unusual set of technology-driven circumstances while growing up and thus bring a distinct set of characteristics into the workplace. We offer a new research-based framework, DITTO, which encapsulates specific recommendations for organizations on diversity, individualism and teamwork, technology, and organizational supports. DITTO serves as a useful mnemonic to help managers recall specific ways to support Gen Zers and leverage the strengths of Gen Zers to benefit the organization and the workforce. Research shows that Gen Zers are more open to diversity and more individualistic and technology-driven than other generations. To the extent that companies use the DITTO framework, the more attractive they should be to Gen Z workers; but the principles of this framework also extend beyond Gen Zers to existing workforce with similar efficacy.     

审计管理体制：中国政府绩效审计建设性功能弱化的根源

中国政府绩效审计实践应用中的困惑及其与理想目标的背离,引发了对中国政府绩效审计应用乏力的深层诱因与困惑所在的反思。针对中国现行审计管理体制下政府绩效审计的独立性、权力制衡等关键问题进行了着力分析,以期为中国政府审计管理体制的未来良性变革与发展提供借鉴。     

手术治疗跟骨骨折的临床观察

目的 探讨手术治疗跟骨骨折的措施与效果.方法 对我院2010 年1 月至2012 年1 月手术治疗跟骨骨折患者38 例38 足的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 全部患者骨折部分均全部愈合,平均愈合时间(10.3±1.5)周.采用Marylandfoot score 足部评分标准进行术后足踝功能评分,其中优22 例,良13 例,中2 例,差1 例,优良率为92.11%(35/38).结论 手术治疗跟骨骨折效果显著.     

当前腹腔感染诊治的难题与对策分析

腹腔感染是临床治疗中的常见问题,发病率正在逐年升高.对于腹腔感染处理的重要性是不言而喻的,其关键 措施主要包括了复苏、控制和切断感染源以及进行抗感染治疗等.本文着重阐述了当前临床治疗过程中腹腔感染的诊治 所存在的基本问题,介绍了做好腹腔感染诊治的基本对策,对临床治疗过程中方案选择的基本原则和药物使用的基本规 范做出了一定的说明.     

臭氧固化系列制剂在消毒灭菌方面的临床效果分析

目的探讨臭氧系列制剂在消毒灭菌方面的临床效果及意义。方法通过系列的动物和人体的实验,臭氧抗菌剂治疗大鼠伤口愈合过程中的影响实验及对烧伤创面消毒杀菌作用的体外杀菌实验,临床研究对单纯疱疹病毒灭活效果实验,阴道炎,宫颈炎宫颈糜烂和性病的治疗。结果经对比试验和临床治疗组实验,凡使用臭氧抗菌剂的效果均高与其它制剂的治疗,有效率明显高于对照组,复发率明显低于对照组。结论臭氧制剂其抗炎、抗感染的治疗效果,特别是对耐药菌株和多种致病菌混合感染性疾病的治疗效果,以其见效快、疗程短、无任何副作用且费用低廉等优势赢得患者好评,得到医药人员认可,临床上值得推广应用。